A blood clot is formed when activated platelets are trapped in stabilized cross linked fibrin. The process of fibrin formation is controlled by procoagulation and anticoagulation. If the ability of the body to maintain this equilibrium is disrupted, we could either bleed to death or become one big blood clot.
If a person has a higher risk of clot formation, there are various drugs available that work on different areas of the clotting cascade to disrupt the clotting process. There are three main types of drugs used in the management of blood clots.
Anticoagulant drugs: for people with a tendency to form clots in the slow-forming blood in the venous system. They have the ability to stabilize an existing clot so that it does not break away and become a circulation stopping embolism, but they cannot actively break down the clot. The main drugs we see which are being used are:
- Unfractionated Heparin
- Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
- Warfarin
Antiplatelet drugs: for people with a tendency to form clots in the fast-flowing blood in the arterial system. They reduce the ability to platelets to stick together when the blood flow is disrupted; thereby reducing the risk of clot formation. This group includes drugs such as Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Abciximab, Tirofiban and Dipyridamole; which will not be covered within the scope of this article.
Thrimboltic / fibrinolytic drugs: for people requiring emergent breakdown of a clot that has already formed. These drugs are administered intravenously only in hospital following an acute blockage of a blood vessel within the heart, lung or brain. This group includes drugs such as Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase and Streptokinase
Unfractionated Heparin
Antithrombin III is one of the opposing anticoagulation factors naturally occurring within the body. It’s function is to prevent the activation of thrombin. Unfractionated Heparin, generally referred to as Heparin, blinds to antithrombin III within the blood.
oronary Angioplasty and Blood Clot Management
For patients suffering from arterial blockages due to clot formation, Coronary Angioplasty is a crucial procedure. This minimally invasive technique involves the use of a catheter and balloon to widen narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, restoring proper blood flow and preventing heart attacks. In some cases, stents may be placed to keep the arteries open.
Dr. Mahesh Ghogare is a leading expert in interventional cardiology with extensive experience in Coronary Angioplasty. He has successfully performed over 500 angioplasties, primarily through the radial route, demonstrating his expertise in handling complex coronary conditions. His proficiency ensures improved patient outcomes and reduced risk of further cardiovascular complications.
By combining advanced interventions like Coronary Angioplasty with appropriate medication management, patients at risk of clot formation can receive comprehensive care to maintain cardiovascular health and prevent life-threatening events.